Dementia vs. Depression: How to Tell the Difference in Seniors

You've noticed the changes. Your loved one seems more forgetful and isn't quite themselves. They've stopped enjoying the things they once loved. And you're starting to wonder:

Is it dementia? Or could it be depression?

According to Dr. Jane Gagliardi, clinical professor at Duke University Hospital, the signs between dementia vs depression can look so similar in older adults that it can be hard to tell the difference.

Whether you live here in Lexington, KY, or are supporting a loved one from afar, you're not alone in seeking answers. In this article, we'll walk you through the symptoms and what to watch for so you can move forward with more clarity and peace of mind.

The Difference Between Dementia vs Depression in Seniors

Many of the signs overlap, with both conditions causing:

• Memory changes
• Social withdrawal
• Cognitive decline (trouble concentrating)
• Slowed thinking or movement

That's why it's so easy to assume the worst when a loved one seems more forgetful or quiet. But here's the important part: depression in older adults can sometimes cause what's called pseudodementia.

Pseudodementia is a type of cognitive fog that looks a lot like early dementia but actually comes from untreated depression. Let's walk through a common example.

Mr. Thompson, a longtime Lexington resident, started forgetting names and missing appointments. His daughter feared it was the beginning of Alzheimer's. But after a full evaluation, it turned out he was deeply depressed after losing his wife the year before.

As you can see, the confusion between signs of depression and dementia is not uncommon. And to make things even more complex, research indicates that depression and dementia can co-exist. That's why it's so important not to self-diagnose or wait too long to get answers.

But don't lose hope. There are key differences that can point you in the right direction.

Key Differences Between Dementia and Depression

While dementia and depression can look alike, they affect the brain in very different ways. One major difference is how the symptoms begin. Depression often shows up quickly, with a sudden drop in:

• Mood
• Energy
• Interest in everyday life
• Interest in enjoyable activities

Dementia, on the other hand, develops more slowly. With subtle changes that get worse over time.

Memory loss also shows up differently. People with dementia tend to forget recent events consistently, while those with depression may have occasional memory lapses and are often aware of them.

Awareness itself is another clue. A person with depression usually knows something feels off and may express sadness or frustration. In contrast, it's common for someone with dementia to not notice their symptoms or seem indifferent to them.

Communication can offer hints, too, since dementia often causes trouble finding words or following conversations. Depression doesn't usually affect speech outside of someone speaking more slowly or seeming withdrawn. And while depression often brings deep sadness, with dementia, you'll notice emotional flatness or apathy instead.

Perhaps one of the clearest signs is how someone responds to treatment. Depression often improves with the right support-therapy, medication, or both. Dementia does not. '=

While care and routine help manage dementia symptoms, they don't reverse them.

How Professionals Tell the Difference When Assessing Senior Mental Health

As a loved one, you want answers quickly. But getting the right diagnosis can take time, and that's okay. The good news is, when you work closely with your loved one's doctor, you're taking important steps toward understanding what's really going on.

Here's what you can expect as you go through the process:

Medical History and Physical Exams

The doctor will start by asking about your loved one's medical history and current symptoms. This gives them important context. They'll also do a physical exam to rule out any underlying medical issues that could be affecting behavior or memory.

Cognitive Assessments and Screening Tools

To assess whether dementia or another cognitive issue might be present, doctors often use screening tools. These could include simple memory tests or exercises that evaluate how well your loved one is concentrating and remembering.

Don't be surprised if this step feels a little like a quiz. It's all part of getting a clearer picture.

Sometimes a Trial of Depression Treatment

If the doctor suspects depression might be the cause of the cognitive issues, they may suggest trying depression treatment first. It's a bit of a "test run." If your loved one starts feeling better -- especially if their memory and thinking improve -- it can be a strong indication that depression was the underlying issue.

This approach is especially useful when dealing with pseudodementia, since depression can look a lot like dementia but responds well to treatment.

Long-Term Care Options for Emotional Wellness in Aging Adults

Throughout this process, your role is incredibly important. Doctors will often ask you and other close family members or caregivers about changes you've noticed in mood and daily function.

Your insights are vital because you're the ones who see your loved one day-to-day. So, being actively involved in the assessment process helps ensure nothing gets overlooked and that your loved one's care is fully understood.

While dementia isn't curable, there are treatments that can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. These may include the following:

• Medications to slow the progression or manage mood and behavior
• Cognitive stimulation, memory exercises, and structure
• Safety planning and support with daily routines
• Education and support for caregivers

The Right Care Changes Everything

Understanding the difference between dementia vs depression is the first step toward getting them the care they truly need.

If your loved one begins to need more than what you can safely provide at home, a memory care setting can provide the stability and specialized attention they deserve.

Here at Preston Greens Senior Living, we've worked with many families through this transition. We're proud to be nestled near Beaumont Centre and top medical centers like Baptist Health Lexington and UK Healthcare.

Schedule a visit with us at Preston Greens to walk the halls and feel the difference a caring, well-designed community can make.